The basal diet consisted of a high-quality Tifton 85 hay (Cynodom sp.) chopped at 10-cm particle size and fed twice daily. The treatments were: mineral mixture, mineral mixture with virginiamycin, multiple supplement, and multiple supplement with virginiamycin. Eight Brahman heifers were assigned to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding virginiamycin to either mineral mixture or multiple supplement on intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation profile, rumen microbial production, blood metabolites, and liver metabolism of zebu heifers fed a high-quality tropical forage. There is some variation in amounts of folate between fruit from different locations and sets of trees, but all ripe green plums tested are considered good dietary sources of folate. The red-colored green plums are even higher in folate, with total folate measured as 192.5 ± 7.0 and 293.7 ± 27.4 μg/100 g FW, and further analysis of them is suggested. The ripe green plums contain between 82.4 ± 5.5 and 149.4 ± 10.7 μg/100 g Fresh Weight (FW). The results show the 5-CH 3 -H 4 folate in green plum increases and accumulates in the fruit through development, ripening and senescence. Another 11 ripe samples, each from different tree clumps from one location, were also tested as were ripe red-colored green plums. Green plums were tested from four locations, two harvests and five maturity stages. This study analyzed green plums for five vitamers of folate, H 4 folate, 5-CH 3 -H 4 folate, 5-CHO-H 4 folate, 10-CHO-PteGlu, and PteGlu (folic acid) using a stable isotope dilution assay on a liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (LC-MS). This study aimed to confirm the high level of folate in green plums by analyzing a large number of ripe samples from multiple locations and to understand how folate vitamers change as the fruit grows through maturity stages. The green plum is a native fruit of Australia that grows on the tree Buchanania obovata.

Lehninger principles of biochemistry